Portland cement Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use. This cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with other materials (such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcinations. The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the most commonly used type of cement. The low cost and widespread availability of the limestone, shales, and other naturally occurring materials used in Portland cement make it one of the lowest-cost materials widely used over the last century throughout the world. The most common usage of Portland cement is in the production of concrete. Portland cement may be grey or white. Various types of Portland cement includes:
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